¿Qué es SMART en gestión de proyectos?

¿Qué es SMART en gestión de proyectos?

SMART se refiere a los criterios para establecer metas y objetivos, es decir, que estos objetivos son: Specific (específicos), Measurable (cuantificables), Attainable (alcanzables), Relevant (pertinentes) y Time-bound (de duración determinada). La idea es que cada objetivo del proyecto debe cumplir con los criterios SMART para ser efectivo. Por lo tanto, al planificar los objetivos de un proyecto, cada uno de ellos debe ser:

• Specific (específico): el objetivo debe abordar un área específica de mejora o responder a una necesidad concreta.
• Measurable (cuantificable): el objetivo debe ser cuantificable o al menos permitir un progreso que se pueda medir.
• Attainable (alcanzable): el objetivo debe ser realista y basarse en los recursos disponibles y las limitaciones existentes.
• Relevant (pertinente): el objetivo debe alinearse con otros objetivos empresariales para que se considere conveniente.
• Time-bound (de duración determinada): el objetivo debe tener una fecha límite o un final definido.

Lectura adicional:

• 10 elementos esenciales para el plan de proyecto perfecto (Infografía)

What are SMART goals?

SMART goals are rooted in reality and attainability. They help leaders, managers, teams, and individuals transform abstract aspirations into concrete, actionable steps.

SMART goals are especially crucial in project management as projects are vehicles for teams and companies to transform goals into reality. Projects typically include strategic and operational activities, such as breaking high-level aspirations into programs, projects, and tasks, assigning these to groups and team members, allocating resources to competing needs, and building and maintaining stakeholder relationships for every part of the business pipeline. SMART goals help project managers achieve all of this efficiently. 

SMART project management goals also provide direction with a roadmap stating what needs to be achieved and when. They’re an excellent tool for adhering to organizational strategy and ensuring every project is aligned with the broader business goals. 

The SMART approach can significantly boost employee engagement and productivity. When goals are achievable, employees are challenged and motivated to achieve them. In contrast, unattainable goals demotivate team members and create a sense of frustration and futility with the work.

Where did the idea of SMART goals come from?

Although the term SMART started to spread in the 1980s after Doran’s article in Management Review, SMART goals were born from a 1960s psychological theory where researchers began testing the relationship between conscious decision-making and output. In Dr. Edwin Locke’s often-quoted paper on the subject, he notes that “an individual's conscious ideas regulate his actions” and have a direct relationship to goal execution.

His study also finds that it isn’t money, results, or external pressures that motivate high performance. It’s simply the act of breaking down a hard goal into a conscious purpose that others willingly share. Although you can’t force someone to be excited about a project, you can set them up for success with highly structured objectives using the SMART goal method.  

Examples of SMART goals for project managers

As you’ll see from the below examples, SMART goals can be applied to all aspects of project management. Simplifying your SMART goal into one simple sentence is a powerful tool for aligning your whole team around a shared intention.

1. Adopt a work management tool (specific) that organizes at least 50 (measurable) incoming work requests per week (attainable) so that our team can streamline task assignment (relevant) within 30 days of receipt (time-bound). 
2. Create a social media marketing campaign template (specific) that plans out one daily tweet for the next 30 days (measurable and attainable) to increase existing audience engagement (relevant) before our launch on the first of the upcoming month (time-bound). 
3. Realign the current project deliverables schedule (specific) by assigning new due dates to all three small tasks (measurable) over the next seven days (attainable) so that the original deadline remains the same (relevant) and clients can review the tasks by Friday (time-bound). 

SMART goals vs. SMART objectives

Though the terms SMART goals and SMART objectives are often used interchangeably, they represent different concepts. Let’s first define goals and objectives. 

A goal is a broad primary outcome, a destination you and your team are working toward. It’s the bigger picture of what you want to achieve, often long-term. Goals represent the result you aspire to achieve — for example, to enhance brand recognition.

Objectives, on the other hand, are the concrete steps that move you toward your goal. They are more specific actions to achieve a goal. Objectives are usually shorter-term. For example, for your goal to enhance brand recognition, you may have an objective to increase your social media marketing efforts to gain 1,000 new followers on Instagram in the next two months.

It’s similar with SMART goals and SMART objectives. SMART goals clarify the outcomes you’re working toward from a big-picture perspective adhering to the five SMART criteria. SMART objectives are more specific and thorough. They’re smaller milestones and actionable steps you can take toward achieving the SMART goals, also adhering to the five SMART criteria.

Crucial differences between SMART goals and SMART objectives include:

• Specificity: SMART goals must be specific enough to guide action and decision making. SMART objectives must be specific enough to drive action.
• Measurability: Both SMART goals and SMART objectives need to be quantifiable. However, the metrics for SMART objectives might be more detailed and process-oriented, e.g., the number of sales calls made in a day or marketing campaigns launched within a quarter. In contrast, the metrics for SMART goals are usually outcome-oriented, e.g., to increase overall sales over a period.
• Attainability: The level of detail and focus is much higher in SMART objectives than in SMART goals. You can say goals are aspirational, while objectives are operational.
• Relevance: Since SMART objectives are the actionable steps towards accomplishing an overarching SMART goal, you may have several SMART objectives associated with completing one SMART goal. In such cases, achieving the objectives can serve as a method of tracking progress toward the end goal.
• Timelines: While both SMART goals and objectives are time-bound, SMART goals may often lack a precise timeline or span a longer timeframe. SMART objectives are bound by a closely managed schedule tied to projects that are either currently active or coming up in a strategically aligned program. 

Let’s look at an example of a SMART goal and its objectives from our list of examples above:

SMART goal: Create a social media marketing campaign template (specific) that plans out one daily tweet for the next 30 days (measurable and attainable) to increase existing audience engagement (relevant) before our launch on the first of the upcoming month (time-bound). 

To achieve this SMART goal, we can break it into the following SMART objectives:

• Identify popular content themes (within three days): Review previous successful tweets and audience engagement data to identify popular content themes and topics that resonate with our audience.
• Create a content calendar (by the end of week 1): Develop a content calendar outlining the topic or theme for each of the 30 daily tweets. Ensure the content is relevant and likely to drive engagement.
• Draft tweets (by the end of week 2): Write the copy for each tweet based on the defined topics in the content calendar. Make sure each tweet is engaging and aligns with the overall campaign objective.
• Design visual elements (by the end of week 3): Design or source relevant visuals (images, infographics, short videos) to accompany each tweet. These should complement the copy and enhance the message.
• Schedule tweets (three days before the launch): Using a social media management tool, schedule all tweets to be automatically posted each day for the next 30 days.
• Monitor and adjust (ongoing, starting on the launch day): Regularly monitor the performance and engagement of each tweet. Be prepared to make adjustments to future tweets based on this feedback if necessary.
• Conduct a post-campaign review (after the 30-day campaign period): Review and analyze the success of the campaign in terms of audience engagement. Use this information for future campaign planning.

Wrike can help you reach your business goals

Aligning your team’s goals with organizational objectives and project initiatives can seem daunting, but SMART goals take the mystery out of goal setting to provide clear, actionable steps toward achieving your project, team, and organizational visions.

Wrike’s PMO solution is a powerful tool for achieving SMART business goals and objectives. It helps company executives and project managers transform goals into reality with effective project planning at the strategic and operational levels. The business goals template and project action plan help teams align strategy with execution, creating a reliable system for consistent success. 

With real-time status updates, you can track the progress of your projects and ensure they’re on track and progressing hitch-free. Project managers can coordinate teams and projects using the project resource planning tool to ensure the most efficient use of organizational resources. 

Whether you’re looking to improve productivity, provide direction, or enhance accountability, setting SMART goals can help you achieve them. Are you a company executive or project manager looking to set better goals and achieve desired outcomes competently? Look no further than Wrike.